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How do Medicare Advantage (MA) plans with reduced cardiologist cost-sharing vary over time, geography, and plan quality?
Medicare Advantage plans offering reduced cost-sharing for cardiologists are becoming more common, but access remains uneven across counties—this benefit is more concentrated among higher-quality plans but not consistently aligned with areas of greatest cardiovascular care need. In a cross-sectional analysis of 2022–2024 Medicare Advantage data, we examined plan benefits, enrollment, county-level cardiologist supply, cardiovascular care infrastructure, and HEDIS quality metri
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